Patellofemoral pain syndrome is an extremely common condition characterised by pain in, under or behind the knee cap. It occurs when the knee cap tracks in slightly the wrong way.
As the knee bends and straightens, the knee cap should slide within a small groove in your knee. However, due to various factors the knee cap can track too far towards the outside of the knee causing pain and sometimes inflammation.
Patellofemoral pain is generally insidious in onset however it may also present secondary to a previous ligament or meniscus injury which has resulted in muscle weakness or muscle imbalance around the knee. Hip weakness as well as foot/ankle issues can contribute to this condition.
Activities which aggravate patellofemoral pain include running (particularly downhill running), cycling, stairs and prolonged sitting. It is also caused by performing leg exercises such as squats and lunges with poor technique. Patellofemoral pain is more common in females and in younger athletes.
Generally, initial management includes rest to de-load the patellofemoral joint to reduce inflammation and pain. An exercise program should be commenced early to address any biomechanical issues that may be contributing to the incorrect knee cap tracking. Your physio will give you a number of stretches and strengthening exercise for the whole leg, with progressions as your knee pain improves to help prevent the issue form reoccurring.
Your physio might suggest ice, knee cap taping techniques and orthotics as part of managing your pain.
